terminal-only/filter-IIR/render.cpp

Infinite Impulse Response Filter

This scripts needs to be run in a terminal because it requires you to interact with Bela using your computer's keyboard. Note that it CAN NOT be run from within the IDE or the IDE's console.

See here how to use Bela with a terminal.

In this project an audio recording processesd through an IIR filter.

To control the playback of the audio sample, use your computer keyboard, by pressing:

'z' <enter> to low down cut-off freq 100 Hz

'x' <enter> to raise it by 100Hz

'a' <enter> to start playing the sample

's' <enter> to stop

'q' <enter> or ctrl-C to quit

/*
 ____  _____ _        _
| __ )| ____| |      / \
|  _ \|  _| | |     / _ \
| |_) | |___| |___ / ___ \
|____/|_____|_____/_/   \_\
http://bela.io
*/
 
#include <Bela.h> // to schedule lower prio parallel process
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <libraries/AudioFile/AudioFile.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
std::string fileName;           // Name of the file to load
int gReadPtr;                   // Position of last read sample from file
std::vector<float> data;
float gCutFreq = 200;           // the initial cutoff frequency, set from within main()
 
// filter vars
float gLastX[2];
float gLastY[2];
double lb0, lb1, lb2, la1, la2 = 0.0;
 
// communication vars between the 2 auxiliary tasks
int gChangeCoeff = 0;
int gFreqDelta = 0;
 
void initialise_filter(float sample_rate, float freq);
 
void calculate_coeff(float cutFreq);
 
bool initialise_aux_tasks();
 
// Task for handling input from the keyboard
AuxiliaryTask gChangeCoeffTask;
 
void check_coeff(void*);
 
// Task for handling the update of the frequencies using the analog inputs
AuxiliaryTask gInputTask;
void read_input(void*);
 
 
bool setup(BelaContext *context, void *userData)
{
        // Retrieve the argument of the --file parameter (passed in from main())
        fileName = (const char *)userData;
        data = AudioFileUtilities::loadMono(fileName);
        if(0 == data.size()) {
                fprintf(stderr, "Unable to load file\n");
                return false;
        }
 
        gReadPtr = -1;
 
        initialise_filter(context->audioSampleRate, gCutFreq);
 
        // Initialise auxiliary tasks
        if(!initialise_aux_tasks())
                return false;
 
        return true;
}
 
void render(BelaContext *context, void *userData)
{
        for(unsigned int n = 0; n < context->audioFrames; n++) {
                float sample = 0;
                float out = 0;
 
                // If triggered...
                if(gReadPtr != -1)
                        sample += data[gReadPtr++];     // ...read each sample...
 
                if(gReadPtr >= int(data.size()))
                        gReadPtr = -1;
 
                out = lb0*sample+lb1*gLastX[0]+lb2*gLastX[1]-la1*gLastY[0]-la2*gLastY[1];
 
                gLastX[1] = gLastX[0];
                gLastX[0] = out;
                gLastY[1] = gLastY[0];
                gLastY[0] = out;
 
                for(unsigned int channel = 0; channel < context->audioOutChannels; ++channel)
                        // ...and copy it to all the output channels
                        audioWrite(context, n, channel, out);
 
        }
 
        // Request that the lower-priority tasks run at next opportunity
        Bela_scheduleAuxiliaryTask(gChangeCoeffTask);
        Bela_scheduleAuxiliaryTask(gInputTask);
}
 
float gSampleRate = 1;
// First calculation of coefficients
void initialise_filter(float sample_rate, float freq)
{
        // store the sample rate for later use
        gSampleRate = sample_rate;
        calculate_coeff(freq);
}
 
 
// Calculate the filter coefficients
// second order low pass butterworth filter
 
void calculate_coeff(float cutFreq)
{
        // Initialise any previous state (clearing buffers etc.)
        // to prepare for calls to render()
        float sampleRate = gSampleRate;
        double f = 2*M_PI*cutFreq/sampleRate;
        double denom = 4+2*sqrt(2)*f+f*f;
        lb0 = f*f/denom;
        lb1 = 2*lb0;
        lb2 = lb0;
        la1 = (2*f*f-8)/denom;
        la2 = (f*f+4-2*sqrt(2)*f)/denom;
        gLastX[0] = gLastX [1] = 0;
        gLastY[0] = gLastY[1] = 0;
 
}
 
 
// Initialise the auxiliary tasks
// and print info
 
bool initialise_aux_tasks()
{
        if((gChangeCoeffTask = Bela_createAuxiliaryTask(&check_coeff, 90, "bela-check-coeff")) == 0)
                return false;
 
        if((gInputTask = Bela_createAuxiliaryTask(&read_input, 50, "bela-read-input")) == 0)
                return false;
 
        rt_printf("Cut-off frequency: %f\n", gCutFreq);
        rt_printf("Press 'a' <enter> to start playing the sample, 's' to stop\n");
        rt_printf("      'z' <enter> to low down cut-off freq by 100 Hz, 'x' to raise it\n");
        rt_printf("Press 'q' <enter> or ctrl-C to quit\n");
 
        return true;
}
 
// Check if cut-off freq has been changed
// and new coefficients are needed
 
void check_coeff(void*)
{
        if(gChangeCoeff == 1)
        {
                gCutFreq += gFreqDelta;
                gCutFreq = gCutFreq < 0 ? 0 : gCutFreq;
                gCutFreq = gCutFreq > 22050 ? 22050 : gCutFreq;
 
                rt_printf("Cut-off frequency: %f\n", gCutFreq);
 
                calculate_coeff(gCutFreq);
                gChangeCoeff = 0;
        }
}
 
// This is a lower-priority call to periodically read keyboard input
// and trigger samples. By placing it at a lower priority,
// it has minimal effect on the audio performance but it will take longer to
// complete if the system is under heavy audio load.
 
void read_input(void*)
{
        // This is not a real-time task because
        // select() and scanf() are system calls, not handled by Xenomai.
        // This task will be automatically down graded to "secondary mode"
        // the first time it is executed.
 
        char keyStroke = '.';
 
        fd_set readfds;
    struct timeval tv;
    int    fd_stdin;
        fd_stdin = fileno(stdin);
        while (!Bela_stopRequested()){
                FD_ZERO(&readfds);
                FD_SET(fileno(stdin), &readfds);
                tv.tv_sec = 0;
                tv.tv_usec = 1000;
                fflush(stdout);
                // Check if there are any characters ready to be read
                int num_readable = select(fd_stdin + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);
                // if there are, then read them
                if(num_readable > 0){
                        scanf("%c", &keyStroke);
                        if(keyStroke != '\n'){ // filter out the "\n" (newline) character
                                switch (keyStroke)
                                {
                                        case 'a':
                                                gReadPtr = 0;
                                                break;
                                        case 's':
                                                gReadPtr = -1;
                                                break;
                                        case 'z':
                                                gChangeCoeff = 1;
                                                gFreqDelta = -100;
                                                break;
                                        case 'x':
                                                gChangeCoeff = 1;
                                                gFreqDelta = 100;
                                                break;
                                        case 'q':
                                                Bela_requestStop();
                                                break;
                                        default:
                                                break;
                                }
                        }
                }
                usleep(1000);
        }
}
 
 
void cleanup(BelaContext *context, void *userData)
{
}